Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a prominent growth factor which conducts many of the growth-promoting effects of growth hormone (GH) through GH's stimulation...
Intermittent fasting has a wide range of effects on the endocrine system of which many could be detrimental. Therefore, time-restricted feeding (TRF) should not...
Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor1. Acetylcholinesterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine2, thereby reducing acetylcholine signalling in the brain. Acetylcholine (ACh) enhances the encoding of...
Selegiline is an irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitor1. Monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine, are derivatives of amino acids2. The enzyme...
Endurance, or "aerobic" exercise, is generally viewed as cardiovascular exercise and is not generally associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Endurance exercise is defined as...
A recent 12 week trial comparing a normal carbohydrate-containing diet to the ketogenic diet in Alzheimer's Disease patients discovered that those who underwent a...
Androgens such as testosterone are generally viewed simplistically as creating aggression, impulsivity and antisocial behaviours. However, androgens influence behaviour in a complex way which...
Nicotine has a vast array of neurophysiological effects, not all of which are negative despite popular opinion of nicotine as a simplistically harmful substance....